-ed

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Pronunciation

• • (after a vowel or a voiced consonant other than a /d/) enPR: d, IPA: /d/
  • (after a voiceless consonant other than a /t/) enPR: t, IPA: /t/
  • (British) enPR: ĭd, IPA: /ɪd/
  • (America) enPR: ĭd, IPA: /ɪd/ or enPR: əd, IPA: /əd/
  • (Australia) enPR: əd, IPA: /əd/
• (HK)
  • (after a /d/ or /t/) IPA: /əd/
  • (after vowels) IPA: /d/, /dəd/
  • (after other consonants) IPA: /dəd/

Etymology 1

From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English , -odon, from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun.

Suffix

1. Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.

   point + -ed → pointed

   He pointed at the dog.

Translations

• Russian: -л
• Spanish: -ado

Etymology 2

From Middle English -ed, from Old English , from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz.

Suffix

1. Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.

   point + -ed → pointed

   He has pointed at the dog.

Etymology 3

From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od, from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos.

Suffix

1. Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.

   Antonyms: -less

   point + -ed → pointed

   horn + -ed → horned

   hoof + -ed → hooved

2. As an extension of the above, used to form possessional adjectives from adjective-noun pairs.

   red + -ed → hair

   left + -ed → hand

   two + -ed → prong(s)

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