• (RP, America) enPR: ə-līt', IPA: /əˈlaɪt/

From Middle English alighten [and other forms], from a merger of:

• Old English ālīhtan, from ā- + līhtan, līehtan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-; and
• Old English ġelīhtan, from ġe- + līhtan, līehtan (see above).

  The English word is analysable as a- + light.

• Middle Low German erlichten
• Old High German gilīhten (Middle High German gelīhten); Old High German irlīhten (Middle High German erlīhten, modern German erleichten)

alight (alights, present participle alighting; simple past and past participle alighted)

1. (transitive, also, figuratively, obsolete) To make less heavy; to lighten; to alleviate, to relieve.

   Synonyms: alighten

2. (intransitive)
   1. Often followed by from or off: to get off an animal which one has been riding; to dismount; to descend or exit from a vehicle; hence, to complete one's journey; to stop.

      Synonyms: alighten, light, disembark, debark, get off, get out, unlight

      He alighted from his horse.

      Passengers are alighting from the carriage.

      • c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC ↗, [Act II, scene ix] ↗:

        Madam, there is a-lighted at your gate / A yong Venetian, one that comes before / To ſignifie th'approaching of his Lord, / From whom he bringeth ſenſible regreets; […]

      • 1609, Thomas Dekker, “Lanthorne and Candle-light. Or, The Bell-man’s Second Nights-walke. […] The Second Edition, […]: Rancke-riders, the Manner of Cozening Inn-keepers, Post-maisters and Hackny-men”, in Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, editor, The Non-dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker. […] (The Huth Library), volume III, London, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: […] [Hazell, Watson, & Viney] for private circulation only, published 1885, →OCLC ↗, page 251 ↗:

        He that neuer alights off a rich Farmer or country Gentleman, till he haue drawne money from him, is called The Snaffle.

      • 1620, [Miguel de Cervantes], Thomas Shelton, transl., “Of the Nevvest and Strangest Aduenture, that in All the Course of This History Befell Don Quixote”, in The Second Part of the History of the Valorous and Witty Knight-errant, Don Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Edward Blount, →OCLC ↗, page 461 ↗:

        The Horſemen all alighted, and the footmen taking Don Quixote and Sancho forcibly in their Armes, they ſet them in the Court, […]

      • 1742, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XXXVII”, in Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded. […], volume III, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; and sold by C[harles] Rivington, […]; and J. Osborn, […], →OCLC ↗, page 351 ↗:

        The Coach ſet us down by the Side of a large Common, about five Miles diſtant from our Houſe; and we alighted, and walked a little Way, chuſing not to have the Coach come nearer, that we might be taken as little Notice of as poſſible; […]

      • 1762, [Laurence Sterne], chapter XXIX, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume V, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, […], →OCLC ↗, pages 103–104 ↗:

        [M]aking as if he would have alighted from off his horſe, as he was poiſing himſelf on the mounting ſide, he moſt nimbly (with his ſhort ſword by his thigh) ſhifting his feet in the ſtirrup and performing the ſtirrup-leather feat, whereby, after the inclining of this body downwards, he forthwith launched himſelf aloft into the air, and placed both his feet together upon the ſaddle, ſtanding upright, with his back turned towards his horſe's head,— […]

      • 1777, [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Most Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], 7th edition, London: […] S. Crowder, […]; J. Sewell, […]; W. Johnston, […]; and B. Law, […], →OCLC ↗, page 177 ↗:

        What courſe to take, whether to proceed or retreat, we could not tell; but it was not long before the wolves themſelves made us come to a reſolution: […] [D]eſiring them to alight, we ſtood in a triangle, or three fronts, encloſing our horſes in the centre, the only place where we could preſerve them.

        In the 3rd edition (1719), the corresponding phrase is “I advis’d them all to light”.

      • 1887, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “Alaeddin; or, The Wonderful Lamp”, in Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume III, [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC ↗, page 157 ↗:

        Now when he had reached the King's capital wherein was Alaeddin, he alighted at one of the Kháns; and, when he had rested from the weariness of wayfare, he donned his dress and went down to wander about the streets, where he never passed a group without hearing them prate about the pavilion and its grandeur and vaunt the beauty of Alaeddin and his lovesomeness, his liberality and generosity, his fine manners and his good morals.

   2. (also, figuratively) Often followed by at, on, or upon: of something aloft: to descend and settle; to land, to lodge, to rest.

      A flying bird alights upon a tree.

      Snow alights on a roof.

      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC ↗, stanza 20, page 38 ↗:

        His fearefull freends vveare out the vvofull night, / Ne dare to vveepe, nor ſeeme to vnderſtand / The heauie hap, vvhich on them is alight, / Affraid, leaſt to themſelues the like miſhappen might.

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book IV ↗”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC ↗; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC ↗, lines 395–397:

        Then from his loftie ſtand on that high Tree / Down he alights among the ſportful Herd / Of thoſe fourfooted kindes, himſelf now one, […]

      • 1720, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book XXIII”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume VI, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC ↗, pages 108–109 ↗, lines 1038–1041:

        The wounded Bird, e'er yet ſhe breath'd her laſt, / With flagging Wings alighted on the Maſt, / A Moment hung, and ſpread her Pinions there, / Then ſudden dropt, and left her Life in Air.

      • 1819, Lord Byron, Mazeppa, a Poem, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC ↗, stanza XVIII, pages 41–42 ↗, lines 770–777:

        I saw the expecting raven fly, / Who scarce would wait till both should die, / Ere his repast begun; / He flew, and perch'd, then flew once more, / And each time nearer than before; / I saw his wing through twilight flit, / And once so near me he alit / I could have smote, but lack'd the strength; […]

   3. (archaic)
      1. To come down or go down; to descend.
      2. Often followed by on or upon: of a blow, something thrown, etc.: to land heavily.
         • 1697, Virgil, “The Second Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC ↗, page 251 ↗, lines 555–556:

           But ſtorms of Stones, from the proud Temple's height, / Pour down, and on our batter'd Helms alight.

   4. (figuratively) Often followed by on or upon: to find by accident; to chance upon, to come upon.
   5. (obsolete) To arrive.
      • 1626 February 19 (date licensed; Gregorian calendar), Iames Shirley [i.e., James Shirley], The Maides Revenge. A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] C[otes] for William Cooke, […], published 1639, →OCLC ↗, Act II ↗:

        Madam, heres a pretty hanſome ſtripling, nevv alight, / Enquires for Don Antonio.

• alighten

• German: aussteigen
• Portuguese: descer, desembarcar
• Russian: спе́шиваться
• Spanish: apearse, bajarse

• Portuguese: pousar
• Russian: приземля́ться
• Spanish: aterrizar, posarse

The verb is probably derived partly:

• from Middle English alighten [and other forms], from Old English ālīhtan, ālȳhtan (perhaps modelled after Latin illūmināre, the present active infinitive of illūminō), from ā- + līhtan, līehtan (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-); and
• from Middle English onlighten [and other forms], from Old English onlīhtan, a variant of inlīhtan, from Proto-Germanic *inliuhtijaną, from *in + *liuhtijaną (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-; see above); and
• from later uses of alight.

  The English word is analysable as a- + light.

  The adjective and adverb are derived from Late Middle English alight [and other forms], from Old English ālīht, ālȳht, a past participle form of Old English ālīhtan, ālȳhtan (see above); but have also been subsequently interpreted as a- + light.

• German erleuchten

alight (alights, present participle alighting; simple past and past participle alit) (transitive, also, figuratively, archaic)

1. To cast light on (something); to illuminate, to light up.

   Synonyms: Thesaurus:illuminate

   Antonyms: darken

2. To set light to (something); to set (something) on fire; to ignite, to light.
   • 1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], Thomas Shelton, transl., “VVherein are Rehearsed the Innumerable Misfortunes vvhich Don-Quixote and His Good Squire Sancho Suffered in the Inne, vvhich He to His Harme Thought to be a Castle”, in The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC ↗, part 3, page 133 ↗:

     The officer hauing by this time alighted his lampe, entred into the roome to ſee him, vvhom he accounted to be dead, […]

alight (not comparable)

1. Burning, lit, on fire.

   The burning embers and the dry wind quickly set the whole neighbourhood alight.

   The sticks were damp and wouldn’t catch alight.

2. Often followed by with: shining with light; luminous, radiant; also, brightly coloured; vivid.

   Synonyms: Thesaurus:shining

   Antonyms: Thesaurus:dark

   1. Of an electrical light source: switched on and emitting light.
3. (figuratively) Aglow with activity or emotion.

   Her face was alight with happiness.

   • 1846, Charles Dickens, “Lyons, the Rhone, and the Goblin of Avignon”, in Pictures from Italy, London: […] Bradbury & Evans, […], →OCLC ↗, page 24 ↗:

     But such a fierce, little, rapid, sparkling, energetic, she-devil I never beheld. She was alight and flaming, all the time.

• German: in Flammen
• Portuguese: aceso
• Russian: светя́щийся

• Portuguese: ardente
• Russian: сия́ющий

alight (not comparable)

1. (also, figuratively) Chiefly in set alight: in flames, on fire; aflame.
   • 1860, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Burial Chant”, in The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni. […], volume I, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC ↗, page 227 ↗:

     Each chapel had its saintly shrine, hung around with offerings; its picture above the altar, although closely veiled, if by any painter of renown; and its hallowed tapers, burning continually, to set alight the devotion of the worshippers.