From Middle English bulwerk, from Middle Dutch bolwerk, bolwerc and Middle Low German bolwerk, equivalent to bole + work.

• (British, Australia) IPA: /ˈbʊl.wək/
• (America) enPR: bo͝ol'wərk, IPA: /ˈbʊl.wɚk/

bulwark (plural bulwarks)

1. A defensive wall or rampart.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC ↗; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii ↗:

     Let thouſands die, their ſlaughtered Carkaſſes
     Shal ſerue for walles and bulwarkes to the reſt:

2. A defense or safeguard.
   • 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC ↗:

     The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defence, […] the floating bulwark of the island.

3. A breakwater.
4. (nautical) The planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale that reduces the likelihood of seas washing over the gunwales and people being washed overboard.
   • 1851 November 13, Herman Melville, chapter 3, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC ↗, page 11 ↗:

     Entering that gable-ended Spouter-Inn, you found yourself in a wide, low, straggling entry with old-fashioned wainscots, reminding one of the bulwarks of some condemned old craft.

5. (figurative) Any means of defence or security.

   The party stalwarts constitute the bulwark that ensures the president's term of office.

• French: rempart
• German: Bollwerk
• Italian: baluardo
• Portuguese: baluarte
• Russian: вал
• Spanish: baluarte

• French: bastion, rempart
• German: Bollwerk
• Portuguese: baluarte
• Russian: опло́т
• Spanish: baluarte

• French: bastingage, pavois
• German: Schanzkleid
• Italian: impavesata
• Portuguese: amurada
• Russian: фальшбо́рт
• Spanish: amurada

bulwark (bulwarks, present participle bulwarking; simple past and past participle bulwarked)

1. (transitive) To fortify something with a wall or rampart.
2. (transitive) To provide protection of defense for something.