inward
Etymology
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Etymology
From Middle English inward, from Old English inweard, corresponding to in + -ward.
Pronunciation- (British) IPA: /ˈɪnwəd/
inward
- Situated on the inside; that is within, inner; belonging to the inside. [from 9th c.]
- Not superficially obvious, inner, not expressed, especially relating to mental or spiritual faculties as opposed to external ones.
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC ↗; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii ↗:
- Noble and milde this Perſean ſeemes to be,
If outward habit Iudge the inward man.
- Moving or tending toward the inside.
- (archaic, of a voice) Not directed toward the outside world, and thus quiet or indistinct.
- (obsolete) Internal to a particular place or country; not foreign, domestic.
- (obsolete) Secret, private, kept hidden.
- (obsolete) Coming from one’s inmost or sincerest feelings; heartfelt, earnest.
- (obsolete) Intimate, closely acquainted; familiar, close. [16th]
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 3, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC ↗:
- There is nothing can be added unto the daintinesse of Fulvius wives death, who was so inward with Augustus.
- a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC ↗:
- He had had occasion, by one very inward with him, to know in part the discourse of his life.
- (obsolete) Devoted to spiritual matters, pious, devout.
- (obsolete, of animals) Tame.
- (obsolete, of medicines) Internal; applied through the stomach by being swallowed.
- French: intérieur
- German: innere
- Russian: вну́тренний
- Spanish: interior
inward (not comparable)
- Towards the inside. [from 11th c.]
- Towards one’s mind, thoughts, or internal self.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC ↗; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC ↗:
- So much the rather, thou Celestial Light, / Shine inward.
- (obsolete) On the inside, within, inside.
- (obsolete) In one’s mind, thoughts, or internal self.
- (nautical) Towards home.
inward (plural inwards)
- (obsolete, chiefly, in the plural) That which is inward or within; the inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera.
- 1653, Jeremy Taylor, “Twenty-five Sermons Preached at Golden Grove; Being for the Winter Half-year, […]: Sermon XII. Of Lukewarmness and Zeal; or, Spiritual Fervour. Part I.”, in Reginald Heber, editor, The Whole Works of the Right Rev. Jeremy Taylor, D.D. […], volume V, London: Ogle, Duncan, and Co. […]; and Richard Priestley, […], published 1822, →OCLC ↗, page 176 ↗:
- [T]his man is a servant of the eyes of men, and offers parchment or a white skin in sacrifice, but the flesh and the inwards he leaves to be consumed by a stranger fire.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC ↗; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC ↗:
- Then sacrificing, laid the inwards and their fat.
- (obsolete, chiefly, in the plural) The mental faculties or other characteristics not immediately apparent.
- (obsolete) A familiar friend or acquaintance.
- c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC ↗, [Act III, scene ii]:
- I was an inward of his.
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