obdurate
Etymology
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Etymology
Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus, form of obdūrō ("harden"), from ob- ("against") + dūrō ("harden, render hard"), from durus ("hard").
Pronunciation- (RP) IPA: /ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/, /ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/, /ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/, /-ət/
- (America) IPA: /ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/, /ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/, /-ət/
obdurate
- Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent.
- Synonyms: obdure
- 1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC ↗, (please specify the page):
- […] sometimes the very custom of evil making the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary […]
- 1594, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC ↗, [verse 34 ↗], lines [199–200]:
- Art thou obdurate, flintie, hard as ſteele? / Nay more then flint, for ſtone at raine relenteth: […]
- 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC ↗; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC ↗, lines 56–58:
- […] round he throws his baleful eyes
That witness'd huge affliction and dismay
Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:
- 1818, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “(please specify the page)”, in The Revolt of Islam; […], London: […] [F]or C[harles] and J[ames] Ollier, […]; by B[uchanan] M‘Millan, […], →OCLC ↗, stanza 9:
- But custom maketh blind and obdurate
The loftiest hearts.
- (obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened.
- 2012, Stephen King, 11/22/63, page 827:
- The past is obdurate for the same reason a turtle's shell is obdurate: because the living flesh inside is tender and defenseless.
- Hardened against feeling; hard-hearted.
- 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 13, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC ↗:
- I fear the gentleman to whom Miss Amelia's letters were addressed was rather an obdurate critic.
- (stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing): hardened, hard-hearted, impertinent, intractable, unrepentant, unyielding, recalcitrant
- French: opiniâtre, têtu
- German: stur, hartnäckig
- Russian: упря́мый
- French: dur comme un roc
- German: hart
- Russian: закалённый
obdurate (obdurates, present participle obdurating; simple past and past participle obdurated)
This text is extracted from the Wiktionary and it is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license | Terms and conditions | Privacy policy 0.003
