• (America) enPR: sûrj IPA: /sɝdʒ/
• (British) IPA: /sɜːdʒ/

surge (plural surges)

1. A sudden transient rush, flood or increase.

   He felt a surge of excitement.

2. The maximum amplitude of a vehicle's forward/backward oscillation
3. (electricity) A sudden electrical spike or increase of voltage and current.

   A power surge at that generator created a blackout across the whole district.

4. (nautical) The swell or heave of the sea. (FM 55-501).
   • 1901, Bible (American Standard Version), James i. 6

     He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed.

   • He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar, / Pursues the foaming surges to the shore.

5. (obsolete) A spring; a fountain.

   • divers surges and springs of water

6. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon which the cable surges, or slips.

• inrush

• French: montée, poussée, vague, afflux
• German: Aufwallung, Schwall, Welle, Woge
• Portuguese: surto
• Russian: всплеск
• Spanish: aluvión, oleada

• French: montée
• German: Überspannung, Spannungsstoß
• Russian: скачо́к напряже́ния
• Spanish: sobretensión, sobrecarga

• German: Brandung
• Russian: волна́
• Spanish: oleada

surge (surges, present participle surging; past and past participle surged)

1. (intransitive) To rush, flood, or increase suddenly.

   Toaster sales surged last year.

   • 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter II, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 639762314 ↗, page 0147 ↗:

     Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, of errand not wholly obvious to their fellows, yet of such sort as to call into query alike the nature of their errand and their own relations.

2. To accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly.

   A ship surges forwards, sways sideways and heaves up.

3. (transitive, nautical) To slack off a line.

• source

• French: déferler
• German: steil ansteigen
• Spanish: dispararse