spikenard

1. A perfumed ointment, extracted from the plant Nardostachys jatamansi that belongs to the Valerian family and grows in the Himalayas.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981 ↗, Song of Solomon [http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/1611_Song-of-Solomon-Chapter-1/#12} 1:12}]:

     While the king sitteth at his table, my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof.

2. The plant Nardostachys jatamansi (syn. Nardostachys grandiflora).
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981 ↗, Song of Solomon 4:12-14 ↗:

     A garden inclosed is my sister, my spouse; a spring shut up, a fountain sealed. Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, Spikenard and saffron; calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices

3. Lavandula stoechas, another species used in antiquity to produce an aromatic oil.
4. Any plant of the genus Aralia of the Araliaceae family.
5. false spikenard (Maianthemum racemosum, syn. Smilacina racemosa)
6. Ploughman's spikenard (Inula conyza, now Pentanema conyzae).
7. wild spikenard (Asarum europaeum).

• French: nard
• Russian: нард

• Russian: нард

• Russian: ара́лия