From Middle English Rome, from Old English Rōm, Rūm, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō and influenced by Late Latin Rōma, from Classical Latin Rōma.

The name appears in a wide range of forms in Middle English, including Rom, Room, Roome, and Rombe as well as Rome; by early modern English, it appeared as Rome, Room, and Roome, with the spelling Rome occurring in Shakespeare and common from the early 18th century on.

• (British) enPR: rōm, IPA: /ɹəʊm/, (archaic, dialectal) IPA: /ɹum/
• (America) enPR: rōm, IPA: /ɹoʊm/

1. A city on the Tiber on the Italian ; ancient capital.
   • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC ↗, [Act I, scene ii], line 157:

     When could they say (till now) that talk'd of Rome,
     That her wide Walles incompast but one man?
     Now is it Rome indeed, and Roome enough
     When there is in it but one onely man.

   • 1866 December 8, 'Filius Ecclesiæ', Notes & Queries, "Rome:Room", 456 1:

     Within the last thirty weeks I have heard the word Rome pronounced Room by several old-fashioned people in the north of Ireland, some of my own relations among the number. On remonstrating with one of these, she said, "It was always Room when I was at school (say about 1830), and I am too old to change it now."

2. A metropolitan city in Lazio, Italy.
3. (metonym) The Italian government.
4. Ancient Rome; the former Roman Empire; Roman civilization.
   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC ↗, [Act I, scene i], line 82:

     These that suruiue, let Rome reward with loue.

   • 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC ↗, page 39 ↗:

     Learning and Rome alike in Empire grew,
     And Arts still follow'd where her Eagles flew;
     From the same Foes [viz., Tyranny and Superstition], at last, both felt their Doom,
     And the same Age saw Learning fall, and Rome.

   • 1821, Lord Byron, Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice. An Historical Tragedy, in Five Acts. […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC ↗, Act V, scene i, page 149 ↗:

     A wife's dishonour unking'd Rome for ever.

5. The Holy See, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly prior to the establishment of the Vatican City in the 19th century.
   • 1537 January 26, T. Starkey, letter:

     The wych you perauenture wyl impute to thys defectyon from Rome.

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC ↗, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Winch. Rome shall remedie this
     Warw. Roame thither then.

6. The Church of Rome, the Roman Catholic Church generally.
   • c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC ↗, [Act V, scene ii], line 7:

     King Iohn hath reconcil'd Himselfe to Rome.

7. A number of places in USA:
   1. An unincorporated community in Covington County, Alabama.
   2. A city/county seat in Floyd County, Georgia.
   3. CDP in Peoria County, Illinois.
   4. An unincorporated community in Perry County, Indiana.
   5. A village in Henry County, Iowa.
   6. A ghost town in Ellis County, Kansas.
   7. An unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas.
   8. An unincorporated community in Daviess County, Kentucky.
   9. A town in Kennebec County, Maine.
   10. An unincorporated community in Sunflower County, Mississippi.
   11. An unincorporated community in Douglas County, Missouri.
   12. A city in Oneida County, New York.
   13. A village in Green, Adams County.

       Synonyms: Stout (the name of the post office)

   14. An unincorporated community in Delaware County, Ohio.
   15. A ghost town in Morrow County, Ohio.
   16. An unincorporated community in Richland County, Ohio.
   17. An unincorporated community in Malheur County, Oregon.
   18. A borough in Bradford County.
   19. An unincorporated community in Smith County, Tennessee.
   20. A town/and/unincorporated community in Adams County, Wisconsin.
   21. CDP in Jefferson County, Wisconsin.
   22. A number of townships, including in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio (3) and Pennsylvania (2), listed under Rome Township.
8. Surname.

• (archaic) Romeburg, Romeburgh, Romeland, Romelede, Romethede, Rome town
• (dated) Rome city
• Istanbul, Constantinople (new Rome)
• Moscow (third Rome, new Rome)

• French: Rome
• German: Rom
• Italian: Roma
• Portuguese: Roma
• Russian: Рим
• Spanish: Roma

• Italian: impero romano, Roma
• Portuguese: Roma
• Russian: Рим