From Middle English understanden, from Old English understandan, from Proto-West Germanic *understandan, from Proto-Germanic *understandaną, equivalent to Old English under- + standan (Modern English under- + stand).

• (RP) enPR: ŭn(′)dər-stănd', IPA: /(ˌ)ʌndəˈstænd/,
• (America) enPR: ŭn′dər-stănd', IPA: /ˌʌndɚˈstænd/, [ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈstæ̃nd], [ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈsteə̯nd]
  • (æ-tensing) IPA: /ˌʌndɚˈsteə̯nd/
• (Canada) IPA: /ˌʌndɚˈstænd/
• (Ireland) IPA: /ˌɞndəɹˈstand/

understand (understands, present participle understanding; simple past and past participle understood)

1. (transitive) (of communication or means of communication: words, statements, signs, etc.) To know the meaning of; to parse or have parsed correctly; to comprehend.
   • 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC ↗:

     Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language, he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.

   Can you repeat what you just said? I didn't understand.

   1. (transitive) (generally) To know the meaning of.
      • 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, →OCLC ↗, section I, page 14 ↗:

        ‘[…] I came back here, had a wank and finished that book.’
        ‘The Naked Lunch?’
        ‘Yeah.’
        ‘What did you reckon?’
        ‘Crap.’
        ‘You’re just saying that because you didn’t understand it,’ said Adrian.
        ‘I’m just saying that because I did understand it,’ said Tom. ‘Any road up, we’d better start making some toast. […]’

2. (transitive) (of a skill, task, profession, etc.) To be thoroughly familiar with; to be able to undertake properly.

   The students understood the assignment.

3. (transitive, usually with clause as object) To comprehend a fact or principle; to regard or come to regard a belief as such.

   I understand that company policy says I can't get a refund, but can you make an exception?

   There's been no formal declaration, but it's understood that a state of war exists between the two countries

4. (transitive) (of people) To know the intent, motives or character of; (of events) to know the causes of or reasons for.

   One day you say you love me, the next you ignore me—I don't understand you!

5. (transitive) To believe, to think one grasps sufficiently despite potentially incomplete knowledge.

   I understand that you have a package for me?

6. (transitive, grammar) To regard as present when not.

   In the imperative mood, the word “you” is usually understood.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC ↗:

     ‘I understand that the district was considered a sort of sanctuary,’ the Chief was saying.

7. (humorous, rare, obsolete, except in, circus, acrobatics) To stand underneath, to support.
   • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC ↗, [Act II, scene v]:

     LAUNE: Ay, and what I do too: look thee, I'll but lean, and my staff understands me.
     SPEED: It stands under thee, indeed.
     LAUNCE:Why, stand-under and under-stand is all one.

8. (intransitive) To comprehend or grasp (some particular matter); to have comprehension (in general);

• (to fully grasp a concept) apprehend, comprehend, grasp, know, perceive, pick up what someone is putting down, realise, grok
• (to believe one grasps a concept) believe

• misunderstand

• French: comprendre
• German: verstehen, begreifen
• Italian: capire, comprendere, intendere
• Portuguese: compreender, entender, perceber
• Russian: понима́ть
• Spanish: entender, comprender, coger

• German: den Eindruck haben, glauben
• Italian: intendere
• Portuguese: acreditar
• Russian: понима́ть
• Spanish: entender

• German: verstehen
• Italian: ritenere, credere
• Portuguese: compreender
• Russian: понима́ть
• Spanish: comprender