English
subject
Etymology 1

From Middle English subget, from Old French suget, from Latin subiectus, as a noun, subiectus ("a subject, an inferior"), subiectum ("the subject of a proposition"), past participle of subiciō ("throw, lay, place"), from sub ("under, at the foot of") + iaciō ("throw, hurl"), as a calque of Ancient Greek ὑποκείμενον.

Pronunciation
  • enPR: sŭbʹjĕkt, IPA: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/
  • (also) (RP) IPA: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/
Adjective

subject

  1. Likely to be affected by or to experience something.
    a country subject to extreme heat
    Menu listings and prices are subject to change.
    He's subject to sneezing fits.
    • 1709, J[ohn] Dryden, J[ohn] Oldham, “(please specify the page)”, in Mac Flecknoe: A Poem. […] With Spencer’s Ghost: Being a Satyr Concerning Poetry. […], London: […] H[enry] Hills, […], →OCLC ↗:
      All human things are subject to decay.
  2. Conditional upon something; used with to.
    The local board sets local policy, subject to approval from the State Board.
  3. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC ↗:
      Long he them bore above the subject plain
  4. Placed under the power of another; owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state.
    • 1689 December (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], Two Treatises of Government: […], London: […] Awnsham Churchill, […], →OCLC ↗:
      , Book I
      Esau was never subject to Jacob.
Translations Translations Translations Etymology 2

From Latin subiectus, subiectum ("the subject of a proposition"), past participle of subiciō ("throw, lay, place"), from sub ("under, at the foot of") + iaciō ("throw, hurl").

Pronunciation
  • enPR: sŭbʹjĕkt, IPA: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/
  • (RP) IPA: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/
Noun

subject (plural subjects)

  1. (grammar) The noun, pronoun or noun phrase about whom the statement is made. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject is the actor. In clauses in the passive voice the subject is the target of the action.
    Coordinate terms: object; agent, patient, rheme, theme
    In the sentence ‘The cat ate the mouse’, ‘the cat’ is the subject, ‘the mouse’ being the object.
    In this passive sentence, the subject (‘the early worm’) is the target of an action: ‘The early worm is caught by the early bird.’
  2. By faulty generalisation from a clause's subject being coinstantiated with one: an actor or agent; one who takes action. The following example would mean that the subject subjects its subjects to its rule:
    The subjects and objects of power.
  3. The main topic of a paper, work of art, discussion, field of study, etc.
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC ↗; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC ↗:
      this subject for heroic song
    • 1695, C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC ↗:
      Make choice of a subject beautifull and noble, which […] shall […] afford […] an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate itself.
    • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC ↗, [Act V, scene i]:
      I am th' unhappy subject of these quarrels. All these quarrels are about me.
    • 1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Hocussing of Cigarette ↗”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC ↗; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831 ↗, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:
      Then I had a good think on the subject of the hocussing of Cigarette, and I was reluctantly bound to admit that once again the man in the corner had found the only possible solution to the mystery.
    • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC ↗:
      The departure was not unduly prolonged. […] Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.
  4. A particular area of study.
    Her favorite subject is physics.
  5. A citizen in a monarchy.
    I am a British subject.
  6. A person ruled over by another, especially a monarch or state authority.
  7. (music) The main theme or melody, especially in a fugue.
    • 1878, William Smith Rockstro, “Subject”, in A Dictionary of Music and Musicians:
      The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song.
  8. A human, animal or an inanimate object that is being examined, treated, analysed, etc.
    • 1748, Conyers Middleton, Life of Cicero:
      Writers of particular lives […] are apt to be prejudiced in favour of their subject.
  9. (philosophy) A being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity.
  10. (logic) That of which something is stated.
  11. (math) The variable in terms of which an expression is defined.
    Making x the subject of x2 − 6x + 3y = 0, we have x = 3 ± √(9 − 3y).
Synonyms Translations Translations Translations Translations Translations Translations Translations Translations Translations Etymology 3

From Medieval Latin subiectō, iterative of subiciō ("throw, lay, place"), from sub ("under, at the foot of") + iaciō ("throw, hurl").

Pronunciation
  • enPR: səb-jĕktʹ, IPA: /səbˈd͡ʒɛkt/, /sʌbˈd͡ʒɛkt/
Verb

subject (subjects, present participle subjecting; simple past and past participle subjected)

  1. (transitive, construed with to) To cause (someone or something) to undergo a particular experience, especially one that is unpleasant or unwanted.
    I came here to buy souvenirs, not to be subjected to a tirade of abuse!
  2. (transitive) To make subordinate or subservient; to subdue or enslave.
Synonyms Translations Translations

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