English
on
see also: ON
Pronunciation
  • (British, Eastern New England) enPR: ŏn, IPA: /ɒn/
  • (Southern US, Midland US, Philadelphia, Baltimore) IPA: /ɔn/
  • (Southern US) IPA: /ɔʊn/
  • (Northern US, or, cot-caught) enPR: än, IPA: /ɑn/
Etymology 1

From Middle English on, from Old English on, an ("on, upon, onto, in, into"), from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.

Cognate with Northern Frisian a, Saterland Frisian an, Western Frisian oan, Dutch aan, Low German an, German an, Swedish å, Faroese á, Icelandic á, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰, Ancient Greek ἀνά, Albanian në; and from Old Norse upp á: Danish på, Swedish på, Norwegian på, see upon.

Adjective

on (not comparable)

  1. In the state of being active, functioning or operating.
    Antonyms: off
    All the lights are on, so they must be home.
  2. Happening; taking place; being or due to be put into action.
    We had to ration our food because there was a war on.
    Some of the cast went down with flu, but the show's still on.
    That TV programme that you wanted to watch is on now.
    This is her last song. You're on next!
    Are we still on for tonight?
    Mike just threw coffee onto Paul's lap. It's on now.
    England need a hundred runs, with twenty-five overs remaining. Game on!
    1. (informal) Of a person, used to express agreement to or acceptance of a proposal or challenge made by that person; most commonly with subject "you" (see you're on).
      "Five bucks says the Cavs win tonight." ―"You're on!"
      If he wants a fight, he's on!
  3. Fitted; covering or being worn.
    Your feet will soon warm up once your socks are on.
    I was trying to drink out of the bottle while the top was still on!
  4. (postpositive) Of a stated part of something, oriented towards the viewer or other specified direction.
    The photograph shows the UFO side on.
    edge on, side on, end on, face on
  5. (chiefly, UK, informal, usually negative) Acceptable, appropriate.
    You can't do that; it's just not on.
  6. (often negative) Possible; capable of being successfully carried out.
    He'd like to play the red next to the black spot, but that shot isn't on.
  7. (informal) Destined; involved, doomed.
  8. (baseball, informal) Having reached a base as a runner and being positioned there, awaiting further action from a subsequent batter.
  9. (cricket) Within the half of the field on the same side as the batsman's legs; the left side for a right-handed batsman.
    Synonyms: leg Antonyms: off
    The captain moved two fielders to the on side.
    Ponsonby-Smythe hit a thumping on drive.
  10. (snooker, postpositive) Of a ball, being the next in sequence to be potted, according to the rules of the game.
    If the player fails to hit the ball on, it's a foul.
  11. (acting, drama, RPG) Acting in character.
  12. (informal, of a person) Performative or funny in a wearying manner.
    He always has to be on, it's so exhausting.
  13. (euphemistic) Menstruating.
Synonyms
  • (baseball: positioned at a base) base (not informal)
Translations Translations Adverb

on (not comparable)

For idiomatic meanings of phrasal verbs, such as carry on, hang on, have on, try on, etc., please see the individual entries.

  1. To an operating state.
    turn the television on
  2. So as to cover or be fitted.
    The lid wasn't screwed on properly.
    Put on your hat and gloves.
  3. Along, forwards (continuing an action).
    drive on, rock on
  4. In continuation, at length.
    and so on
    He rambled on and on.
  5. (obsolete in the US) Later.
    Ten years on, nothing had changed in the village.
  6. Of betting odds, denoting a better-than-even chance. See also odds-on.
    Antonyms: against
    That horse is twenty-to-one on, so you need to stake twenty pounds just to win one pound.
Synonyms Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “active, functioning, operating”): off
  • (antonym(s) of “to an operating state”): off
Translations Translations Translations Preposition
  1. Positioned at the upper surface of, touching from above.
    A vase of flowers stood on the table.
    Please lie down on the couch.
    The parrot was sitting on Jim's shoulder.
    • 1845, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Bridge:
      I stood on the bridge at midnight.
  2. Positioned at or resting against the outer surface of; attached to.
    He had a scar on the side of his face.
    There is a dirty smudge on this window.
    The painting hangs on the wall.
    The fruit ripened on the trees.
  3. Covering.
    He wore old shoes on his feet.
  4. Expressing figurative placement, burden, or attachment.
    All of the responsibility is on him.
    I put a bet on the winning horse.
  5. Denoting physical contact or interaction with an object, such as impact or application of force.
    1. With verbs describing an action of pushing, pulling, pressing, etc., designates the thing to which force is applied.
      tug on the rope; push hard on the door
    2. With verbs describing an action of hitting, rubbing, scratching, binding against, etc., designates the thing impacted or contacted.
      I stubbed my toe on an old tree stump.
      I caught my fingernail on the door handle.
      The rope snagged on a branch.
    3. Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with.
      to play on a violin or piano
  6. At or in (a certain region or location).
    The lighthouse that you can see is on the mainland.
    The suspect is thought to still be on the campus.
    1. Denoting relative position or position within the whole.
      We live on the edge of the city.
      on the left, on the right, on the side, on the bottom
    2. (UK) To be ranked thusly.
      The Tories are on twenty-five percent in this constituency.
  7. Near; adjacent to; alongside; just off.
    The fleet is on the American coast.
    Croton-on-Hudson, Rostov-on-Don, Southend-on-Sea
  8. Supported by (the specified part of itself).
    A table can't stand on two legs.
    After resting on his elbows, he stood on his toes, then walked on his heels.
  9. Aboard (a mode of transport, especially public transport, or transport that one sits astride or uses while standing).
    on a bus, on a train, on a plane, on a ferry, ''on a yacht
    on a bicycle, on a motorbike, on a horse, on a scooter
  10. At the date or day of.
    Born on the 4th of July.
    On Sunday I'm busy. I'll see you on Monday.
    Can I see you on a different day?
  11. (UK, especially in sports reporting) At a given time after the start of something; at.
    Smith scored again on twelve minutes, doubling Mudchester Rovers' lead.
  12. Dealing with the subject of; about; concerning.
    I was reading a book on history.
    The city hosted the World Summit on the Information Society
    I have no opinion on this subject.
    • 1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC ↗, page 85 ↗:
      [...] I received a note from that gentleman on a most trivial matter. I answered it as trivially.
  13. (informal) In the possession of.
    I haven't got any money on me.
  14. Because of; due to; upon the basis of (something not yet confirmed as true).
    to arrest someone on suspicion of bribery
    to contact someone on a hunch
  15. (also often 'upon') At the time of (and often because of).
    On Jack's entry, William got up to leave.
    On the addition of ammonia, a chemical reaction begins.
  16. (also often 'upon') Arrived or coming into the presence of.
    I need to get my planting done, as the season will soon be on us.
    Before we knew it, the forest was on us, and the air grew colder and damper.
  17. Paid for by.
    The drinks are on me tonight, boys.
    The meal is on the house.
    I paid for the airfare and meals for my family, but the hotel room was on the company.
  18. Indicating a means or medium.
    I saw it on television.
    Can't you see I'm on the phone?
    My favorite shows are on BBC America.
    The Beatles' appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show is on YouTube.
    The film was released on DVD.
  19. Indicating the target of, or thing affected by, an event or action.
    They planned an attack on London.
    The soldiers mutinied and turned their guns on their officers.
    Her words made a lasting impression on my mind.
    What will be the effect on morale?
  20. Toward; for; indicating the object of an emotion.
    Have pity or compassion on him.
  21. (especially, Ireland) Indicating the person experiencing an emotion, cold, thirst, hunger, etc.
  22. Indicating the position that one has reached in a sequence.
    I'm on question four.
  23. Indicating a means of subsistence.
    They lived on ten dollars a week.
    The dog survived three weeks on rainwater.
  24. Engaged in or occupied with (an action or activity).
    He's on his lunch break.
    I'm on nights all this week.
    on vacation; on holiday; on a mission; on the job; on the fiddle
  25. Regularly taking (a drug).
    You've been on these antidepressants far too long.
  26. Under the influence of (a drug, or something that is causing drug-like effects).
    He's acting crazy because he's on crack right now.
  27. In addition to; besides; indicating multiplication or succession in a series.
    heaps on heaps of food
    mischief on mischief; loss on loss
  28. Indicating dependence or reliance.
    I depended on them for assistance.
    He will promise on certain conditions.
  29. Serving as a member of.
    He is on the jury; I am on the committee.
  30. By virtue of; with the pledge of.
    He affirmed or promised on his word, or on his honour.
    1. (informal, chiefly in set phrases) Ellipsis of I swear on: ''on my life, on God, on everything, etc.
  31. To the account or detriment of; denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon.
    On us be all the blame.
    A curse on him!
    Please don't tell on her and get her in trouble.
    He turned on her and has been her enemy ever since.
    He went all honest on me, making me listen to his confession.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC ↗, Matthew 27:25 ↗:
      His blood be on vs, and on our children.
  32. (especially when numbers of combatants or competitors are specified) Against; in opposition to.
    The fight was three on one, and he never stood a chance.
  33. (philosophy, logic) According to, from the standpoint of; expressing what must follow, whether accepted or not, if a given premise or system is assumed true.
  34. (snooker) In a position of being able to pot (a given ball).
    All the way around the table, off four cushions, and ... and he's on the black!
  35. (mathematics) Having as identical domain and codomain.
    a function on \mathbb{R}
  36. (mathematics) Having V^n as domain and V as codomain, for the specified set V and some integer n.
    an operator on \mathbb{Z}
  37. (mathematics) Generated by.
    the free group on four letters
  38. (mathematics, uncommon) Divided by.
    Synonyms: over
    Twenty on three.
  39. (obsolete or dialect, regional) Of.
    I never seen 'im, and that's the truth on it.
    • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC ↗, [Act I, scene ii]:
      Be not jealous on me.
    • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC ↗, [Act I, scene iii]:
      Or have we eaten on the insane root / That takes the reason prisoner?
  40. (obsolete) At the peril of, or for the safety of.
    • a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The First Book of Homer’s Ilias”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume IV, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC ↗, page 415 ↗:
      Hence on thy life: the captive maid is mine; / Whom not for price or pray'rs I will reſign: [...]
Synonyms Related terms Translations Translations Translations
  • German: an
  • Portuguese: na, no
  • Russian: в
Translations
  • Italian: di (used only with nouns of the week days: "di lunedì" - "on Monday", "di martedì" - "on Tuesday", ...; not always used), in (used only with generic days, as in "in un giorno differente" - "on a different day"; not always used)
Translations Translations Translations
  • Italian: in
Translations
  • Italian: in
Translations Translations Translations Verb

on (third-person singular simple present ons, present participle oning or onning, simple past and past participle oned or onned)

  1. (Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Nigeria, transitive, colloquial) To switch on.
    Synonyms: turn on
    Can you on the light?
Etymology 2

From Old Norse ón, án ("without"), from Proto-Germanic *ēnu, *ēno, *ino ("without"), from Proto-Indo-European *ḗnu.

Preposition
  1. (UK dialectal, Scotland) Without.
Etymology 3

From Japanese 音読み.

Noun

on

  1. In the Japanese language, a pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character that was originally based on the character's pronunciation in Chinese, contrasted with kun.
    Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".
Related terms
ON
Proper noun
  1. (linguistics) Initialism of Old Norse
  2. Abbreviation of Ontario, a province of Canada.
    Coordinate terms: AB, BC, MB, NB, NL, NS, NT, NU, PE, QC, SK, YT


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